Detailed studies on the soils of the state and their distribution have not yet been done. A rapid soil survey of low intensity was conducted by the National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Calcutta Regional Centre, during 1981 has established eight sub-groups and fifteen soil series.

The Geological Survey of India (GSI) has completed systematic geological mapping of 90 % of accessible land on 1:50000 scale and carried out mineral exploration mostly around parts of South, West and East Sikkim. The State Department of Mines, Minerals and Geology has been working on site specific geological & geo - technical study, on a prioritized basis, both the agencies have found large deposits of low value - high bulk minerals besides base metal occurrences mostly within the Daling Group of rocks called Gorubathan Formation.